Indian Journal of Critical Care Case Report

Register      Login

VOLUME 4 , ISSUE 1 ( January-February, 2025 ) > List of Articles

CASE REPORT

Severe Bradycardia and Hyperkalemia in a Patient with Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infection, Acute Kidney Injury, and Triple Vessel Disease: A Clinical Case Study

Bhavin Patel, Virendra C Chauhan, Anil Ganju, Pankaj Maheshwari, Girish Hirode, Pragnesh Desai, Biren Shah, Gaurang Chhatriwala, Ajay Mavani

Keywords : Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Acute kidney injury, Case report, Coronary artery bypass graft, Hyperkalemia

Citation Information : Patel B, Chauhan VC, Ganju A, Maheshwari P, Hirode G, Desai P, Shah B, Chhatriwala G, Mavani A. Severe Bradycardia and Hyperkalemia in a Patient with Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infection, Acute Kidney Injury, and Triple Vessel Disease: A Clinical Case Study. 2025; 4 (1):25-27.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11006-0150

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 30-12-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim and background: Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a rare opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This case report describes a patient with A. xylosoxidans septicemia complicated by severe symptomatic bradycardia, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis. Case description: A 78-year-old female, a known case of hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease, presented with altered mental status and hypotension. She was found to have A. xylosoxidans septicemia, severe hyperkalemia, and symptomatic bradycardia requiring temporary pacing. Despite antibiotic treatment and management of electrolyte imbalances, the patient developed AKI requiring hemodialysis. Coronary angiography revealed critical triple-vessel disease, and the patient underwent successful coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Conclusion: This case highlights the potentially severe complications associated with A. xylosoxidans infections, including cardiac and renal dysfunction. Prompt recognition and aggressive management of these complications are crucial for patient survival. Clinical significance: This case emphasizes the importance of considering A. xylosoxidans as a potential cause of severe sepsis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, along with management of associated complications such as cardiac and renal dysfunction, are essential for improving patient outcomes.


PDF Share
  1. Chandrasekar PH, Arathoon E, Levine DP. Infections due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Case report and review of the literature. Infection 1986;14(6):279–282. DOI: 10.1007/BF01643962
  2. Tsay RW, Lin, LC, Chiou CS, et al. Alcaligenes xylosoxidans bacteremia: clinical features and microbiological characteristics of isolates. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2005;38(3):194–199.
  3. Shie SS, Huang CT, Leu HS. Characteristics of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia in northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2005;38(4):277–282.
  4. Glupczynski Y, Hansen W, Freney J, et al. In vitro susceptibility of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans to 24 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988;32(2):276–278. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.32.2.276
  5. Manzella JP. Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32(7):781–782. DOI: 10.1007/BF01299750
  6. Arroyo JC, Jordan W, Lema MW, et al. Diversity of plasmids in Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates responsible for a seemingly common-source outbreak. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25(11):1952–1955. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.25.10.1952-1955.1987
  7. Pien FD, Higa HY. Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates in Hawaii. J Clin Microbiol 1978;7(3):239–241. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.7.2.239-241.1978
  8. Mandell WF, Garvey GJ, Neu HC. Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9(5):1001–1005. DOI: 10.1093/clinids/9.5.1001
  9. Yabuuchi E, Yano I, Goto S, et al. Description of Achromobacter xylosoxidans Yabuuchi and Ohyama (1971). Int J Syst Bacteriol 1974;24(4):470–477. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-24-4-470
  10. de Fernández MI, Bugarín G, Arévalo CE. Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia. Medicina (B Aires) 2001;61(1):79–80.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.