Citation Information :
Kumar A, Tanwar S, Chetiwal R. Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage Syndrome in Leptospirosis: An Uncommon but Emerging Presentation. 2022; 1 (1):26-27.
Pulmonary hemorrhage leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the grave manifestations of severe leptospirosis. In recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (SPHS) in leptospirosis cases due to the emergence of more virulent strain. This report presents a case of leptospirosis complicated by SPHS. In the Indian scenario, where the range of differential diagnoses of acute febrile illness is very wide, it is prudent to keep a high level of clinical suspicion to prevent the progression to a more severe and fatal illness.
Adler B, de la Pena Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 2010;140(3-4):287–296. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.012
Haake DA, Levett PN. Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015;387:65–97. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_5
Herath NJ, Kularatne SA, Weerakoon KG, et al. Long term outcome of acute kidney injury due to leptospirosis? A longitudinal study in Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 2014;7:398. DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-398
Trevejo RT, Rigau-Perez JG, Ashford DA, et al. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage-Nicaragua 1995. J Infect Dis 1998;178(5):1457–1463. DOI: 10.1086/314424
Gouveia EL, Metcalfe J, de Carvalho ALF, et al. Leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome, Salvador, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14(3):505–508. DOI: 10.3201/eid1403.071064
Dolhnikoff M, Mauad T, Bethlem EP, et al. Leptospiral pneumonias. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007;13(3):230-235. DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e3280f9df74
Dall’Antonia M, Sluga G, Whitfield S, et al. Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage: a diagnostic challenge. Emerg Med J 2008;25(1):51–52. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.051524
Smith S, Liu YH, Carter A, et al. Severe leptospirosis in tropical Australia: optimising intensive care unit management to reduce mortality. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019;13(12):e0007929. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007929